Cauayan is a city in Isabela situated in the center of this big and naturally rich province. Cauayan city is the trading center in Isabela.

Cauayan was an original town of the province of Cagayan. It was transferred to Nueva Vizcaya when it became a province in 1839. Upon the creation of Isabela as a province by a Royal Decree issued on May 1, 1856, it was reverted as a town of the province.

PAL Express flies between Manila and Cauayan three times a week.